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Veröffentlicht am Februar 4, 2021
Kommentare 1.092

Strohhalme aus Treibhausgas – kohlenstoffnegativ und organisch abbaubar

von Redaktion LIFECHANGE.AT

Das Biotech-Unternehmen Newlight hat ein Material aus Mikroben entwickelt, das Methan verwendet, um alle möglichen Utensilien damit herzustellen: von Strohhalmen über Geldbörsen bis hin zu Gläsern.

In einer neuen Produktionsstätte in Kalifornien wird ein 15 Meter hoher Edelstahltank mit rund 56.500 Liter Salzwasser gefüllt, in dem Mikroben Methan − ein starkes Treibhausgas − in neues Material umwandeln. Dieses Vorgehen ist in der Lage, gleichzeitig beim Kampf gegen den Klimawandel und bei der Verringerung von Ozeanplastik zu helfen. Wenn das Material dann beispielsweise zu einem Strohhalm oder einer Einweggabel verarbeitet wird und im Ozean landet, wird es so leicht abgebaut wie Zellulose und wird zu einer Nahrungsquelle für Mikroben.

Fokus auf Meeresmikroorganismen

Kohlenstoffnegative Strohhalme, die sich anfühlen wie Plastik.

Das Biotech-Unternehmen Newlight suchte vor mehr als einem Jahrzehnt nach Möglichkeiten, die Treibhausgasemissionen zu nutzen. Der Fokus lag auf der Frage, Kohlenstoff, der sonst in die Luft gelangen würde, in nützliche Materialien umgewandelt werden könne, so Mark Herrema, CEO von Newlight. Genau das passiert in der Natur jeden Tag auf natürlichem Weg.

Die Forscher interessierten sich insbesondere für Meeresmikroorganismen, die Methan und CO2 als Nahrung verbrauchen können. „Nachdem sie dieses Gas gegessen haben, wandeln sie es in ein ganz besonderes Material in sich um“, sagt er. „Es ist ein schmelzbares Energiespeichermaterial, das Sie reinigen und dann in verschiedene Teile, Formen und Stücke formen können.“ Das Team beschloss, den Prozess an Land mit einem mit Salzwasser und Mikroben gefüllten Tank zu wiederholen, in dem Luft und Methan zugesetzt wurden, um den Prozess zu starten. (Das Methan stammt aus einer verlassenen Kohlenmine und anderen Quellen, wo es sonst in die Atmosphäre abgegeben würde.) Wenn die Mikroben das Material herstellen − das Newlight „Air Carbon“ nennt − extrahiert das Unternehmen diese Zellen. Dann filtert und reinigt es das Material und trocknet es zu einem feinen weißen Pulver, das zu Gegenständen geformt werden kann. Nach Jahren der Entwicklung kommen nun die ersten Produkte darauf auf den Markt.

Gegenstände für den täglichen Gebrauch aus „Air Carbon“

Restore Einwegbesteck wird so leicht abgebaut wie Zellulose und zu einer Nahrungsquelle für Mikroben.

Es gibt bereits Experimente, aus dem Material alle möglichen Gegenstände herzustellen, von Möbeln bis zu Verpackungen. Es fiel dann allerdings der Entschluss, sich zunächst auf Produkte zu konzentrieren, bei denen es den größten Einfluss haben könnte. Wenn man sich die Plastikverschmutzung der Ozeane ansieht, stammt ein sehr großer Prozentsatz dessen, was in den Ozean gelangt, aus Lebensmitteln und Anwendungen im Zusammenhang mit Lebensmitteln. Restore die neue Marke des Unternehmens, stellt kohlenstoffnegative Strohhalme her, die wie Plastik aussehen und sich auch so anfühlen. Im Gegensatz zu Papierstrohhalmen werden sie nicht feucht. Aber wie Papier zerfällt „Air Carbon“ ebenso im Laufe der Zeit, wenn es im Ozean verstreut ist. Weiters werden Einwegbesteck und andere kleine Artikel hergestellt, die normalerweise aus Kunststoff bestehen.

Um ein weiteres Problem anzugehen, bringt Newlight eine separate Marke namens Covalent auf den Markt, die Brieftaschen und Handtaschen aus ihrem Material anstelle von Leder herstellt, angeblich das erste kohlenstoffnegative Nettoleder der Welt. Das Material ist langlebig − es schält oder reißt nicht wie echtes Leder − und kann im Gegensatz zu Kunstleder aus fossilen Brennstoffen problemlos recycelt werden. Die Marke verwendet „Air Carbon“ auch zur Herstellung von kohlenstoffnegativen Brillenfassungen. Die Produkte, die ab sofort vorbestellt werden können, werden mit einem „Kohlenstoffdatum“ versehen, das Verbraucher auf einer Website einfügen können, um zu verfolgen, wie sich der Kohlenstoff in diesem Artikel durch den Produktionsprozess bewegt hat. Weiters kann man damit ausrechnen, wieviel CO2 man durch den Kauf der Produkte daran hindern konnte, in die Luft zu gelangen.

Wir denken, dass das wahrlich ein guter Ansatz ist!

fastcompany.com

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