Anfang dieses Jahres stießen Naturschützer in Botswana auf etwas Grauenhaftes: Hunderte von Elefanten fielen tot um − langsam tauchen nun Details und Hintergründe auf.
Zwei Flüge über das üppige Okavango-Delta bestätigten, dass etwa 356 Elefanten auf mysteriöse Weise ums Leben gekommen waren. Wilderer wurden sogleich ausgeschlossen, da alle Stoßzähne der Elefanten noch intakt waren.
Große Katastrophe für die Elefantenpopulation
„Anfang Mai begannen Elefanten in großer Zahl zu sterben, und die Regierung würde normalerweise innerhalb von Tagen auf ein Ereignis dieser Größenordnung reagieren“, sagte der Direktor der Naturschutzgruppe National Park Rescue, Mark Hiley, der Associated Press im Juli. „Doch hier sind wir nun, Monate später, ohne abgeschlossene Tests und mit nicht mehr Informationen als zu Beginn“. Durch die andauernde Corona-Pandemie wurden nämlich auch die Untersuchungen erschwert.
Hiley nannte es auch „eine der größten Katastrophen, die die Elefanten in diesem Jahrhundert traf, und das mitten in einem der Top-Tourismusziele Afrikas“.
Tod durch Cyanobakterien
Mehr als zwei Monate später zeigen Untersuchungen, dass die mysteriösen Todesfälle durch Cyanobakterien verursacht wurden, giftige mikroskopisch kleine Algen, die in größeren blaugrünen Wasserkörpern gefunden wurden, so die BBC.
Die Bakterien können in stehenden Gewässern natürlich wachsen. Mit genügend Zeit entwickeln sie sich in größerem Maßstab zu Algen. Wissenschaftler warnen, dass der Klimawandel solche Ereignisse in Zukunft wahrscheinlicher machen könnte.
„Unsere neuesten Tests haben Cyanobakterien-Neurotoxine als Ursache für die Todesfälle entdeckt“, sagte Mmadi Reuben, der leitende Veterinärbeamte der Abteilung für Wildtiere und Nationalparks, gegenüber Reportern, wie die BBC zitiert.
Viele Fragen zu klären
Reuben merkte auch an, dass diese Wasserlacken wahrscheinlich gegen Ende Juni ausgetrocknet seien. „Wir haben noch viele Fragen zu beantworten, z.B. warum nur die Elefanten und warum nur dieses Gebiet“, fügte Reuben hinzu. „Wir haben eine Reihe von Hypothesen, die wir nun untersuchen.“
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