INSPIRATIONEN, MINDSET, TECHNOLOGIE, UMWELT
Kommentare 135

Smart Cities: Die Stadt der Zukunft ist effizient, nachhaltig und smart

Großstädte der Zukunft sollen Smart Cities sein. Doch was bedeutet das für die Bewohner? Prognosen lauten dahingehend, dass bis 2050 rund 60 % der Weltbevölkerung in Großstädten leben werden. Wie das Leben all dieser Menschen dann aussehen wird, hängt sehr viel von den Entscheidungen ab, die heute und in den nächsten Jahren getroffen werden.

Die Technologie hat heute schon die Macht, das Leben von Menschen in den Gemeinden zu verbessern. Beispielsweise testet Peking – eine Stadt, die bekannt ist für ihre Luftverschmutzung – gerade einen rund sieben Meter hohen Luftreinigungsapparat, der den Smog einzieht, verschmutzte Partikel filtert und gereinigte Luft ausstößt.

Der Smog Free Tower - ein Outdoor-Luftreinigungssystem  - wurde bereits erfolgreich in Rotterdam getestet. In seinem neuen Einsatzgebiet in Peking sind die Herausforderungen ungleich größer. Smart Cities.

Der Smog Free Tower – ein Outdoor-Luftreinigungssystem – wurde bereits erfolgreich in Rotterdam getestet. In seinem neuen Einsatzgebiet in Peking sind die Herausforderungen ungleich größer.

Es gibt jetzt bereits unterschiedliche Konzepte, die das Leben in einer Stadt smarter machen. Vom Monitoring des Verkehrs bis hin zu Messgeräten, die die Luftqualität bewerten und die Bevölkerung warnen, sobald die Luftverschmutzung einen kritischen Punkt erreicht hat. Diese können auch dafür sorgen, dass –  wenn nötig – eine Vielzahl an Outdoor-Luftreinigungsgeräten gestartet wird.

Elektronische Daten und Sensoren auf diese Art einzusetzen ist nur einer der Punkte, die eine Stadt smart macht. Als Antwort auf inkohärente Infrastrukturgestaltung der Vergangenheit, versprechen Smart Cities Echtzeit-Monitoring, Analyse und Verbesserung. Die Ergebnisse sollen zu einer nachhaltigeren Umwelt führen und die Bürger anregen, sich auch selbst mehr einzubringen.

Projekte für Smart Cities sind große Investitionen, die zu einer sozialen Transformation führen können. Interessanterweise jedoch werden die meisten Pläne zur Gestaltung von Smart Cities vom Gedanken der Technologie angetrieben, anstatt darauf zu achten, was Menschen wirklich benötigen. Wenig Aufmerksamkeit bekommen da soziale, politische und organisatorische Änderungen, die nötig sind, um die Bedürfnisse der Bewohner auf intelligente Art und Weise zu befriedigen.

Smart Cities profitieren von Effizienz

Effizienz ist eines der Eigenschaften einer smarten Stadt. Gut gestaltete Technologie-Tools können einen Nutzen für Ministerien, die Umwelt und die Einwohner bieten, in dem sie Geld einsparen und verschiedene Prozesse rationalisieren. Das Ergebnis: höhere Servicequalität zu einem geringeren Kostenaufwand.

Im Jahr 2014 wurde im öffentlichen Verkehr in London beispielsweise ein System eingeführt, das es den Einwohnern und Besuchern ermöglicht, die Tickets für U-Bahn und Busse schneller zu beziehen. Dazu muss einfach das Handy oder ein anderes passendes elektronisches Gerät beim Ein- und Aussteigen an ein Terminal gehalten werden und der genaue Betrag wird direkt vom Bankkonto abgebucht.

Die Stadt profitierte von einer enormen Kostenreduktion in der Administration. Dies schließt auch die Kosten dafür ein, die Ticketautomaten mit den speziellen Smartcards zu befüllen. Auch die Passagiere profitierten von diesem neuen System. Es bietet raschen und genauen Service und auch spezielle Wochentarife.

Smart Cities und die Umwelt

Eine weitere Möglichkeit Geld zu sparen bietet das Echtzeit-Monitoring des Energieverbrauchs, das auch aufzeigen kann, wo Einsparungen möglich sind.

Chicago hat hier beispielsweise verschiedene Boxen an den Lichtmasten angebracht („Array of Things„), welche Luftqualität, Lärmbelastung, Temperatur, Wasserstand auf den Straßen und den Verkehr messen können. Die ausgewerteten Daten sollen helfen, den Energieverbrauch der Stadt zu optimieren und neue Verkehrskonzepte zu erstellen. Dies alles wird getan um die Lebensqualität zu verbessern.

Smart Cities sollen den Einwohnern nützen

Smart Cities sollen dazu beitragen die Lebensqualität ihrer Bewohner zu verbessern.

Smart Cities sollen dazu beitragen die Lebensqualität ihrer Bewohner zu verbessern.

Den meisten Nutzen, den Bewohner in einer smarten Stadt haben, ist der Zuwachs an Lebensqualität. Die Möglichkeiten sind sehr breit gefächert, von qualitativ hochwertigen Immobilien über den öffentlichen Transport bis hin zu einer optimistischeren Lebenseinstellung, zurückzuführen auf gute Bildung, bessere Umweltbedingungen und positive Beziehungen innerhalb der Gemeinde.

Viele Bestrebungen, die Großstädte lebenswerter und smarter zu machen zielen jedoch darauf ab, die Administration zu erleichtern und haben in erster Linie Vorteile für die Stadtregierungen. Die Annahmen gehen dahingehend, dass das was der Regierung zugute kommt, letztendlich auch für die Bevölkerung von Nutzen ist.

Das kann natürlich der Fall sein und zu einer Win-Win-Situation für alle führen, wird es aber nicht, wenn die Verantwortlichen in erster Linie darauf ihr Augenmerk legen, der Regierung zu helfen. Im Gegenteil, das könnte die bestehenden Probleme sogar noch verstärken.

Smart Cities: Wer gewinnt?

Wenn Regierungen sich zugunsten von Smart City-Projekten einsetzen, entscheiden sie natürlich, wem diese zugute kommen werden und wer davon nicht wirklich profitieren wird. Tatsache ist, dass auch dann, wenn Konzepte weitgehend umgesetzt werden, nicht alle Gebiete innerhalb einer Stadt auch gleich “smart” sein werden. Das zeigen bereits die heutigen Bemühungen in diese Richtung.

Um zu vermeiden, dass die Bestrebungen, die Stadt lebenswerter und smarter zu machen, zur Enttäuschung führen, sind die Anstrengungen aller vonnöten. Das reicht von den Regierenden über Führungskräfte bis hin zu den Einwohnern als einzelne. Projekte müssen transparent sein und darauf abzielen wünschenswerte Veränderungen innerhalb der Gesellschaft hervorzurufen. Technologie darf nicht im Mittelpunkt stehen und auch nicht das finale Ziel sein.

Innovationen in Smart Cities – so wie alle städtischen Entwicklungen und Sanierungsprojekte – sind politische Prozesse. Die Umsetzungen sollen dazu da sein, das Leben jedes einzelnen zum Positiven zu verändern und nicht nur verschiedene Funktionen innerhalb der Regierung zu erleichtern.

 

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